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To deliver a comprehensive learning experience while shifting to online teaching due to COVID-19, educators at The University of Queensland (Australia) adopted Lt, a cloud-based platform, to overcome the challenges of delivering animal anatomy practicals. A two-phased study was conducted to evaluate the use of Lt for both online and on-campus students and its impact on student satisfaction and performance. Phase 1 investigated students' satisfaction with the practical experience, with online students expressing greater satisfaction across all constructs related to the practical: design, Lt, and feedback. Phase 2 investigated end-of-course evaluations, with all evaluated items increasing from 2019 to 2020 and 2021, along with student performance showing no difference between the online and on-campus students for practical assessment items and final examinations. The findings give confidence for technology adoption to enhance the learning experience for online students and provides an exemplar for similar adoption for practical delivery across other science disciplines.
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This issue contains 13 articles on the use of virtual anatomy, histology and embryology in research and education;digital histological morphometry of the human pineal gland in a postmortem study, with endocrine and neurological clinical implications;an international collaborative approach to learning histology using a virtual microscope;delivery anatomy kits to help keep practical veterinary classes during the COVID-19 pandemic;how virtual animal anatomy facilitated a successful transition to online instruction and supported student learning during the coronavirus pandemic;using videos in active learning in veterinary anatomy;dissection videos as a virtual veterinary anatomy peer learning tool at the University of Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic;a new virtual platform for teaching comparative animal neuroanatomy based on metameric slices of the central nervous system;application of student remote and distance research in neuroanatomy by mapping Dscaml1 expression with a LacZ gene trap in mouse brain;implementing a multi-colour genetic marker analysis technique for embryology education;impact of COVID-19 on student attainment and pedagogical needs when undertaking independent scientific research;extended reality veterinary medicine case studies for diagnostic veterinary imaging instruction and assessing student perceptions and examination performance and students' performance in teaching neuroanatomy using traditional and technology-based methods. 16 proceedings from the Trans-European Pedagogic Anatomy Research Group (TEPARG) Hybrid Meeting entitled "Hybrid Anatomy Education: Barriers and Enablers for Students and Educators" held in Barcelona, Spain, during 5 March 2022, are also included.
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In this study, 650 tissue samples which were collected from 16 pig farms in Hubei Province, were used to detect porcine circovirus (PCV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The results showed that the positive rates of PCV1, PCV2, PCV3 and PEDV single infection were 1.08%, 4.15%, 2.46% and 6.46%, respectively. In the double infections, PEDV+PCV2 had the highest positive rate of 3.54%, followed by PCV2+PCV3, with a positive rate of 1.54%. In multiple infections, PEDV+PCV2+PCV3 had the highest positive rate of 2.00%. The results indicated that the positive rates of PEDV and PCV were decreased compared with the previous studies, but the prevalence of PEDV and PCV was still wide in Hubei Province, and most of which were co-infection.
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In the shadow of covid-19 pandemic, electronic learning (E-learning), also known as online classes, has become the main option. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of online learning in veterinary anatomy, as well as the theoretical and practical outcomes that resulted from it. it compares the exam scores of students in both teaching methods (conventional and E-learning). About 100 students were used in this study. Furthermore, it demonstrated the students' practical knowledge in the area of E-online learning. The first semester was dedicated to formal education. The second semester was completed entirely online. The findings revealed that during lectures, complex involvement in online activities is substantially reduced. The awareness of students was assessed by comparing student grades from these three semesters. In comparison to traditional schooling, the exam results showed an irregular distribution in E-learning and online tests, with E-learning scores substantially higher. During the E-learning time, the functional laboratory was completely absent. The practical part, of the veterinary anatomy classes, involves laboratory participation to show students various systems of the animals and enable them to use different techniques, training them for future classes such as clinical and surgical classes. The results revealed that reached the conclusion that e-learning is inadequate for teaching veterinary anatomy.
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This issue contains 14 articles on students' self-study and self-assessment during the veterinary anatomy course at the University of Zagreb, Croatia;cost-effectiveness of 3d printing of anatomical models;solving the formalin issue in the veterinary anatomy teaching;alternative methods for vasopuncturing in veterinary medicine using an artificial rabbit ear;humane innovations in veterinary anatomy education in India;glycaemia as a reliable indicator for diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats;humane innovations and the advantages of replacing animal experiments and dissection;anatomical learning materials for the digital age;usage of dummies for training purposes in laboratory animal science;enhancing veterinary education and training through the use of the Elnady Technique (et) specimens;virtual reality (vr) in veterinary anatomy teaching;smart 3D meat inspection;educational animal use and alternatives;students' perspectives and attitude about the shift to emergency remote learning of veterinary anatomy during the COVID-19 pandemic;a new way of education-virtual reality;sonography as educational tool for recognition of anatomical structures in bovine ovaries;the sketchfab platform as a tool in veterinary anatomy education and students' assessment of the use of different neuroanatomical specimens in veterinary anatomy practical classes.
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of recombinant porcine Lactobacillus reuteri secreting bovine lactoferrin peptide (LFCA) on growth performance of newborn piglets and the protective effect on porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)infection which caused piglet diarrhea. Experiment 1:thirty-six one-day-old newborn piglets with an average body weight of about 1.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group, pPG/LR-CO21 group and control group, each group with 12 piglets. Piglets in each group were orally administered recombinant porcine Lactobacillus reuteri expressing LFCA pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21, containing empty vector plasmid PPG/LR-CO21 and equal volume phosphate buffer (PBS);oral administration continued for 3 days, and the observation time after oral administration was 14 d. During the period, piglets were fed freely, and the changes of body weight and diarrhea were recorded. Experiment 2:thirty one-day-old newborn piglets with an average body weight of about 1.5 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups and given TGEV with a half tissue culture infection dose (TCID50) of 10-7.50/mL by oral administration of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mL, respectively. The observation period of 7 d was set to analyze the conditions of half lethal dose. Experiment 3:another thirty-two newborn piglets with an average body weight of about 1.5 kg were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 piglets in each group. The groups were pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group, pPG/LR-CO21 group, control group and TGEV infect group. There were 8 replicates in each group and 1 piglet in each replicate. Each head of the experimental group was orally fed ppG-LFCA/LR-CO21, pPG/LR-CO21 and equal volume of PBS at a dose of 2..1010 CFU per day for 1 consecutive week. At 8 days of age, TGEV was infected by oral administration at half lethal dose, and samples were collected after 7 days of infection. The weight change and diarrhea of each group of piglets were recorded;hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the length of intestinal villi and the depth of crypts;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine total serum total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibody contents. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA relative expression levels of Claudin-1, Occludin, tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1), inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon-P (IFN-P), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The flora structure of the contents of the piglet's cecum was analyzed. After oral recombinant porcine Lactobacillusreuteri, compared with the control group, the average daily gain of newborn piglets in the pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the diarrhea rate was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with TGEV infection group, the average daily gain of piglets in pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group was increased and diarrhea rate was decreased, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). Villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum and ileum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The contents of total IgG and intestinal mucosal total sIgA antibody in serum of piglets were significantly increased (P < 0.05);the mRNA relative expression levels of tight junction protein-related genes Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1 in intestinal mucosal tissue were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the serum TNF-a content was extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Serum IFN-P, IL-6, IL-8 and TLR2 contents were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the survival rate of piglets was improved. The analysis of the bacterial diversity in the contents of the piglets' cecum showed that the proportion of normal intestinal flora of piglets decreased after TGEV infection. Compared with the TGEV infect group, the proportion of pathogenic bacteria Bacteroides in piglet's intestinal flora decreased by o
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The growing awareness that biodiversity is a precious global asset to present and future generation and that species's survival and the integrity of habitats and ecosystems are at serious risk, has increased significantly the importance of biodiversity related research. Biodiversity can be defined as the variability among living organism from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystem and the ecological complexes of which they are part;this includes diversity within species between species and of ecosystems. The diversity of life on earth is nearly unimaginable. There is such a wealth of organism that it's a continuous need to keep trace of the diversity and there is always a provision for the discovery of new ones as it is a well-known fact that changing environmental conditions, habitat food and other ecological factors are more than enough to bring out certain definite changes and the accumulation of small changes give rise to a new species. With covid-19 we have seen the damage the diseases can do not only to human health but also to the global economy.By protecting biodiversity in Earth's ecosystem, countries could save lives and money while helping to prevent future pandemics. The present findings add one new species of an acanthocephalan parasite i.e. Raosentis cavasii from fresh water fish Mystus cavasius. It differs from R.thapari in presence of 20 rows of trunk spines instead of 9 rows, in having unequal lemnisci instead of being equal and in their extension upto proboscis receptacle and in the number of hypodermic nuclei 2-3 pairs dorsal and 1 ventral instead of 3 pairs on both sides.